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The correct answer is that a 13-year-old cannot legally work in a family-owned non-farm business under federal child labor laws. The minimum age for employment in such situations is 14. Federal child labor laws are designed to protect children's educational opportunities and ensure their safety, and they impose restrictions on the types of work and the hours children can work.

Although there are some exceptions for specific situations like acting or working for a parent in a business that is exempt from these laws, those exceptions do not apply to a general family-owned non-farm business. Hence, the minimum age requirement cannot be easily circumvented by claiming an unpaid volunteer status, parental consent, or direct parental supervision. This structure is in place to ensure that children are not exploited and can attend school while allowing for safe working environments.